Healthcare Planning

By Abdulla Israr & Simran Rani

HEALTHCARE PLANNING

Introduction

·       Health planning refers to the process of identifying health needs, setting priorities, defining policies, allocating resources, and formulating strategies to achieve health objectives efficiently and equitably.

HEALTH PLANNING COMMITTEES & RECOMMENDATIONS

Committee

Year

Chairman

Key Recommendations

Bhore Committee

1946

Sir Joseph Bhore

- Integrated preventive & curative services- Primary Health Centre (PHC) for 40,000 population- Long-term plan: 75-bed hospital at PHC level- Medical education reform- Emphasis on social medicine

Shetty Committee

1954

Dr. A.L. Shetty

- Nursing education improvement- Better pay & service conditions for nurses

Mudaliar Committee

1962

Dr. A. Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar

- Strengthen existing PHCs- Each PHC to serve 40,000 population- Regionalization of health services- Improve quality of care

Chadha Committee

1963

Dr. M.S. Chadha

- Integration of malaria & family planning- One Basic Health Worker per 10,000 population

Mukherjee Committee

1965

Dr. Mukherjee

- Separate staff for family planning- Evaluation of family planning programmes

Jungalwalla Committee

1967

Dr. Jungalwalla

- Integrated health services- Unified cadre, common seniority- Eliminate private practice by govt. doctors

Kartar Singh Committee

1973

Kartar Singh

- Multipurpose health worker scheme- One male & one female health worker per sub-centre- Sub-centre for 3,000–5,000 population

Shrivastava Committee

1975

Dr. J.P. Shrivastava

- Creation of health volunteers- Community participation- Medical and health education linked with rural needs

Bajaj Committee

1986

Prof. J.S. Bajaj

- Health manpower planning- Establishment of Health Science Universities

Krishnan Committee

1992

N. Krishnan

- Evaluation and restructuring of health services- Focus on health sector reforms

HEALTH PLANNING THROUGH FIVE-YEAR PLANS

Five-Year Plan

Duration

Health Highlights

1st Plan

1951–1956

- Focus on health infrastructure- Bhore Committee recommendations initiated- Malaria control, BCG, family planning introduced

2nd Plan

1956–1961

- Strengthened PHCs- National Leprosy Control Program- Mental Health Programme introduced

3rd Plan

1961–1966

- Expansion of rural health programs- MCH & nutrition schemes launched

Plan Holiday

1966–1969

- Due to war & drought, no formal plan- Annual plans instead

4th Plan

1969–1974

- Emphasis on family planning- All India Hospital Postpartum Programme

5th Plan

1974–1979

- Minimum Needs Programme launched- Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)- Rural Health Scheme

6th Plan

1980–1985

- Multipurpose health worker scheme- National Leprosy Eradication Program (NLEP)

7th Plan

1985–1990

- Universal Immunization Programme (UIP)- National AIDS Control Programme

Annual Plans

1990–1992

- Transitional phase due to political instability

8th Plan

1992–1997

- Child Survival and Safe Motherhood (CSSM)- Reproductive & Child Health (RCH) approach

9th Plan

1997–2002

- Health sector reforms- State-level health system strengthening

10th Plan

2002–2007

- National Health Policy 2002- Reduce IMR to 45 and MMR to 2 per 1000

11th Plan

2007–2012

- National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) strengthened- Emphasis on equity, quality & decentralization

12th Plan

2012–2017

- Continuation of NRHM as NHM- Focus on universal health coverage- Strengthen primary health care

Post-12th Plan (NITI Aayog)

2017 onwards

- Five-Year Plans discontinued- Introduction of 3-Year Action Agenda (2017–2020)- Ayushman Bharat (AB) Yojana launched (2018)- Health & Wellness Centres (HWCs)- PM-JAY for secondary/tertiary care

Programs Launched During Plans

Program

Year

Focus

BCG Vaccination

1948

Tuberculosis

National Malaria Control

1953

Malaria

Family Planning

1952

First in the world

National Leprosy Eradication

1955

Leprosy

ICDS

1975

Child health & nutrition

Universal Immunization

1985

Vaccine preventable diseases

AIDS Control

1987

HIV/AIDS

RCH

1997

Maternal & Child Health

NRHM

2005

Rural health care

NHM

2013

Urban + Rural health

Ayushman Bharat

2018

Health coverage & primary care

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