International Classification of Diseases (ICD)

By Abdulla Israr & Simran Rani

International Classification of Diseases (ICD)

Description also available in video format (attached below), for better experience use your desktop

Introduction

·       The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is a standardized system used worldwide to classify and code diagnoses, symptoms, and medical procedures.

·        It provides a common language for healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers to communicate and analyze health information consistently.

·       The classification system is maintained by the World Health Organization (WHO) and undergoes periodic revisions to ensure relevance and accuracy.

·       Here's an introduction to the classification of ICDs

1.     Purpose

·       The primary purpose of the ICD is to facilitate the systematic recording, analysis, interpretation, and comparison of mortality and morbidity data.

·       It helps in the compilation of health statistics, tracking diseases and health conditions globally, and identifying trends and patterns in disease occurrence.

2.     Structure

·       The ICD is organized hierarchically, with codes assigned to various diseases, disorders, injuries, and other health-related conditions.

·       These codes are alphanumeric and typically consist of three to seven characters, providing specificity about the condition being classified.

3.     Coding System

·       The ICD coding system is designed to be comprehensive, covering a broad range of health conditions.

·       Each code represents a distinct category within the classification system, with greater specificity achieved by adding characters to the code.

4.     Versions

·       The ICD has gone through several revisions since its inception, with the most recent being the ICD-11.

·       Each version reflects advancements in medical knowledge, changes in disease patterns, and updates in healthcare practices.

·       However, many countries still use ICD-10 for practical purposes.

5.     Use Cases

·       Healthcare professionals use the ICD for various purposes, including medical billing, reimbursement, epidemiological research, public health surveillance, and healthcare planning.

·       It is also used in clinical settings for diagnostic coding and tracking patient outcomes.

6.     Categories

·       The ICD classifies diseases and health conditions into chapters, which are further divided into blocks and categories based on etiology, anatomical location, severity, and other relevant factors.

·       For example, Chapter I of ICD-10 covers certain infectious and parasitic diseases, while Chapter XX deals with external causes of morbidity and mortality.

7.     Updates and Revisions

·       The WHO periodically updates and revises the ICD to ensure that it remains relevant and reflects the current understanding of disease classification.

·       These updates may involve the addition of new codes, modification of existing codes, or reorganization of the classification structure.

8.     International Adoption

·       The ICD is widely adopted internationally, serving as the standard classification system for health information in most countries.

·       Its widespread use facilitates the comparability of health data across different regions and populations.

Chapters/Categories in the ICD-10

·       The most commonly used version is the ICD-10, although some countries have started to adopt the newer ICD-11.

·       Here is a general overview of the main chapters/categories in the ICD-10:

1.     Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99)

2.     Neoplasms (C00-D49)

3.     Blood and immune system disorders (D50-D89)

4.     Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90)

5.     Mental and behavioral disorders (F00-F99)

6.     Nervous system disorders (G00-G99)

7.     Eye and adnexa disorders (H00-H59)

8.     Ear and mastoid process disorders (H60-H95)

9.     Circulatory system diseases (I00-I99)

10.  Respiratory system diseases (J00-J99)

11.  Digestive system diseases (K00-K95)

12.  Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (L00-L99)

13.  Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue disorders (M00-M99)

14.  Genitourinary system diseases (N00-N99)

15.  Pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium (O00-O99)

16.  Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period (P00-P96)

17.  Congenital malformations, deformations, and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00-Q99)

18.  Symptoms, signs, and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified (R00-R99)

19.  Injury, poisoning, and other external causes (S00-T98)

20.  External causes of morbidity and mortality (V01-Y98)

21.  Factors influencing health status and contact with health services (Z00-Z99)

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