National Health Programmes
NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMMES
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Introduction
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After independence various measures had been
taken to improve the health status of India and prominent among them are
National Health Programmes
·
International agencies like WHO, UNICEF,
World Bank etc have been providing technical & material assistance in the
implementation of these programmes
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These Programmes are launched by the State Or
Central government
1) Reproductive,
Maternal, Neonatal, Child and Adolescent Health
a. Janani Shishu
Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK)
i. Launched on 1st June 2011
ii. Initiative to reach every needy pregnant women for
institutional facility
iii. Motivate Women’s to deliver the baby in hospitals rather
than in home for safety purposes
iv. To give free facilities of
1. C-Section, Cashless delivery, Diet, Provision of Blood,
Transportation after discharge, drugs and diagnostics
2. Treatment &User charges
b. Rashtriya Kishor
Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK)
i. Launched by MHFW on 7th of Jan 2014
ii. This programme is for the adolescents of age 10-19yrs.
iii. The main targets are nutrition, reproductive health and
substance abuse
iv. The objectives of this program includes
1. Improve nutrition
2. Improve sexual & reproductive health
3. Promote mental health
4. Prevent injuries, violence & Substance misuse
c. Rashtriya Bal
Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK)
i. An initiative for Child health screening & Early
intervention services
ii. The main objective is the identification & treatment
of
1. Defects at birth (Down syndrome, Retinopathy etc)
2. Disease in children’s (Otitis, Dental problems etc)
3. Deficiency conditions (Anemia, Rickets etc)
4. Developmental delays (Vision& hearing impairment,
Learning disorder etc)
d. Universal
Immunization Programme (UIP)
i. Introduce in 1978 as EPI and modified in 1985 as UIP by
MHFW
ii. The main objective is to provides several vaccines to
infants, child’s and pregnant womens
iii. The age group and type of vaccine that has to be given as
follows
1. At Birth (BCG, OPV, Hepatitis-B)
2. 6 Weeks (OPV, Pentavalent-1, RVV-1, FIPV-1, PCV-1)
3. 10 Weeks (OPV-2, Pentavalent-2, RVV-2)
4. 14 Weeks (OPV-3, Pentavalent-3, FIPV-2, RVV-3, PCV-2)
5. 9-12 months (MMR, JE-1, PCV-Booster)
6. 16-24 months (MR-2, JE-2, DPT-1, OPV-Booster)
7. 5-6 years (DPT-Booster)
8. 10 years (Td)
9. Pregnant Mother (Td-1, Td-2 or Td-Booster)
e. Mission
Indradhanush
i. Launched by government of India on 25th
December 2014
ii. The goal of this programme is to vaccinate under 5yrs
child by the year 2020
iii. In first phase 201 districts of states like UP, Bihar, MP
& Rajasthan were covered
iv. This mission was technically supported by WHO, UNICEF etc
f. Janani Suraksha
Yojna (JSY)
i. It is a safe motherhood intervention under NRHM
ii. The main objective is to maternal & neo natal
mortality by promoting institutional delivery
iii. It was launched on 12th April 2005 and identified
as ASHA (Accredited Social Health
Activist)
iv. Each beneficiary member of this yojna have a JSY card
under the supervision of ANM and MO
2) National
Nutritional Programmes
a. National Iodine
Deficiency Control Programme (NIDDCP)
i. Iodine is a micronutrient and required 100-150 micrograms
for the normal growth & development of our body
ii. Lack of Iodine supply can cause
1. Goitre
2. Still Birth
3. Spasticity
4. Mental Retardation
5. Hypothyroidism etc
iii. The main objectives of this programme are
1. Surveys to assess the magnitude of IDD
2. Supply of Iodated salt
3. Resurvey after every 5years
4. Laboratory monitoring of Iodated salt
5. Health education and publicity
b. National Programme
for Prevention and Control of Fluorosis (NPPCF)
i. Fluorosis is a public health problem caused by the excess
of fluoride intake through drinking water, food products, industrial emission
etc
ii. This condition results in the disorder like
1. Dental fluorosis
2. Skeletal fluorosis
3. Non-Skeletal fluorosis
iii. Fluoride prevalence was reported in 230 districts of 19
states
iv. The main objectives of this programme are
1. To control
fluorosis and its comprehensive management
2. To build capacity for prevention, diagnosis and
management of cases
c. National Iron Plus
Initiative (NIPI)
i. An attempt to look at the Iron Deficiency Anemia across
all life stages
ii. The vision of this initiative is to make India free from Anaemia
iii. Interventions of this programme are
1. IFA supplementation
2. De-worming
3. Iron rich food
4. Delayed cord clamping
5. Test & treat nutritional anaemia
d. National Vitamin-A
Prophylaxis Programme (NVPP)
i. Vitamin-A is an important micronutrient for the normal
growth of the body
ii. Lack of Vitamin-A can cause Blindness in children below
5yrs of age
iii. In 1970 this programme was launched with the objectives
1. To decrease the prevalence of Vitamin-A deficiency
2. To promote the consumption of Vitamin-A rich food
3. Treatment of Vitamin-A deficient children’s
e. Integrated Child
Development Services (ICDS)
i. This scheme was launched on 2nd October 1975
ii. The beneficiaries of this programme are
1. Children below 6yrs
2. Pregnant & Lactating Women’s
3. Adolescent girls
in selected blocks
iii. Objectives of this programme were
1. Improve the status of children in the age group of 0-6
2. Foundation of proper psychological, physical and social
development of child
3. Effective coordination and implementation of policy
4. Enhance the capability of mother
iv. Services provided
1. Supplementary nutrition
2. Education
3. Immunization
4. Health Check-up
5. Referral services
f. Mid-Day Meal
Programme
i. Tamil Nadu was the first to initiate a massive noon meal
programme to the child’s
ii. This scheme was launched in primary school during 1962-63
iii. The main areas for the improvement of this programme are
1. School attendance
2. Reduced dropouts
3. Beneficial impact on children’s nutrition
4. Encouragement of poor children’s
3)
Programmes for Communicable Diseases
a. Integrated Disease
Surveillance Programme (IDSP)
i. In 2004 this programme was initiated in assistance with
World Bank
ii. The main aim of this scheme is to strengthen the
surveillance of infectious diseases
iii. CSU & NCDC receives the disease outbreak from the
states & UTs
iv. Objectives of this programme are
1. IT enabled disease surveillance
2. Decentralized laboratory
3. To monitor the disease trends
4. Detect and respond to the outbreaks
5. Implementation of RRTs (Rapid Response Teams)
b. Revised National Tuberculosis
Programme (RNTCP)
i. Launched in 1997on the basis of DOTS strategy
ii. The main goal is to end Tuberculosis on global level
iii. Targets is to end TB by 2030 and reach 90% of all people
with TB to provide them appropriate therapy
iv. Strategy involves
1. Direct Observed Treatment Short Course Chemotherapy
(DOTS)
2. Involvement of NGOs
3. IEC and Operational research
v. Indicators
1. 95% reduction by 2035 in death by TB
2. 90% reduction by 2035 in TB incidence rate
3. Zero TB effected families facing catastrophic cost due to
TB by 2035
c. National
Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP)
i. It is a centrally sponsored health scheme of the MHFW
ii. Year 2012-13 started with 0.83 lakh leprosy cases record
as on 1st April 2012 with PR 0.68/10,000
iii. Objectives of this programme are
1. Early detection of leprosy cases
2. Active Surveillance
3. Regular treatment
by Multi Drug Therapy
4. Intensified health education
5. Public awareness campaigns to remove social stigma
6. Medical rehabilitation
d. National Vector
Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP)
i. This programme was launched in 2003-04 after the merging
of three ongoing programming of
1. Malaria
2. Filaria
3. Kala Azar,
4. JE and Dengue
ii. In 2007 Chickungunya fever added to this programme due to
re-emergence
iii. Strategies of NVBDCP involves
1. Disease management
2. Integrated vector management
3. Supportive Interventions
e. National AIDS
Control Programme (NACO)
i. HIV is one of the major challenge for India and needs to
prevent the progression of the epidemic
ii. Provide care and support for those infected from this
virus
iii. Objectives of the programme are
1. To reduce the spread of HIV infection
2. Strengthen India’s capacity to respond to HIV/AIDS on a
long term basis
f. Pulse Polio Immunization
Programme (PPIP)
i. It was launched in India in 1995
ii. Covers the age group of 0-5yrs
iii. About 172million children’s are immunized during each
National Immunization Day
iv. The last polio case in the country was reported from
Howrah district of West Bengal on 13th Jan 2011
v. Objective of this programme is Achieving 100% coverage
under Oral Polio vaccine
g. National Viral
Hepatitis Control Program (NVHCP)
i. Launched on the occasion of World Hepatitis Day, 28th
July 2018
ii. An integrated initiative for the prevention and control
of Viral Hepatitis A,B,C,D & E in India
iii. Objectives
1. Combat hepatitis and eliminate hepatitis C by 2030
2. Reduce the risk, morbidity and mortality due to Hepatitis
A and E
4)
Non-Communicable Disease
a. National Tobacco
Control Programme
i. Use of tobacco is one of the main risk factors for a
number of chronic disease, including cancer, lung diseases and cardiovascular
diseases
ii. India is the 2nd largest producer and consumer
of tobacco and a variety of forms of tobacco use is unique to India
iii. NTCP was launched in 2007-08
iv. Objectives of this programme are
1. Greater awareness about harmful effects of tobacco use
2. Tobacco control Laws
3. Control tobacco consumption
b. National Programme
For Prevention & Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases &
Stroke (NPCDCS)
i. The leading cause of adult mortality & morbidity are
NCDs
ii. Overall prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, Ischemia
and stroke is 62.47, 159.46, 37 and 1.54 respectively per 1000 population of
India (ICMR)
iii. Estimate of cancer cases in India is 25lakhs
iv. Risk factors and mortality per year
1. Tobacco – 6.3 million deaths
2. Alcohol – 4.9 million deaths
3. Unhealthy – 4.9 million deaths
4. Physical Inactivity – 3.2 million deaths
v. Objectives of the programme are
1. Prevent and Control common NCDs through behavior and
lifestyle changes
2. Early diagnosis and management
3. Build capacity at various levels of healthcare for
prevention, diagnosis and treatment of NCDs
4. Training of Human Resource
5. Develop capacity for Palliative & Rehabilitative care
c. National Programme
For Control of Blindness
i. Launched in 1976 as a 100% centrally sponsored
ii. Goals of this programme is
1. To reduce the prevalence of blindness (1.49% in 1986-89)
to less than 0.3%
2. Establish an infrastructure and efficiency levels in the
programme
iii. Objectives of this programme are
1. To establish eye care facilities for every 5lakh
population
2. Develop human resource for eye care services at all level
of care
3. Improve quality of service delivery
4. Secure participation of civil society and private sector
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