National Health Programmes

By Abdulla Israr & Simran Rani

NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMMES

Description also available in video format (attached below), for better experience use your desktop.

Introduction

·       National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP)

Launched: 2003 (merged six major vector-borne disease programmes)

Diseases Covered:

  • Malaria
  • Dengue
  • Chikungunya
  • Japanese Encephalitis (JE)
  • Kala-azar (Leishmaniasis)
  • Lymphatic Filariasis

Objectives:

  • Prevention, control & eventual elimination of vector-borne diseases.
  • Reduce mortality and morbidity.

Key Components:

  • Early case detection & prompt treatment
  • Integrated Vector Management (IVM)
  • Behaviour Change Communication (BCC)
  • Capacity building
  • Monitoring & Evaluation

Key Achievements:

  • Significant reduction in Malaria and Filariasis burden.
  • Kala-azar elimination targeted below 1 case per 10,000.

Malaria Control Programme (Now part of NVBDCP)

Launched: 1953 as National Malaria Control Programme → Modified as National Malaria Eradication Programme (1958)

Current Status: Subsumed under NVBDCP

Strategies:

  • Indoor residual spraying
  • Larval control
  • Use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs)
  • Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) and ACT (Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy)

Goal: Malaria elimination by 2030

District Hospital Family Planning Programme (DHFP)

Objective:

  • Promote family planning services at district hospitals.
  • Strengthen sterilization services (both male & female).
  • Offer spacing methods: IUCDs, Oral Pills, Condoms.

Services Provided:

  • Sterilization (Tubectomy, Vasectomy)
  • Antenatal/Postnatal counseling
  • IEC activities to raise awareness
  • Integration with RMNCH+A strategy

Key Indicators:

  • CPR (Contraceptive Prevalence Rate)
  • Unmet need for contraception

National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP)

Launched: 1955

Goal: Elimination of leprosy as a public health problem (defined as <1 case/10,000 population)

Key Interventions:

  • Early detection through active surveillance
  • MDT (Multi-Drug Therapy) free of cost
  • IEC for reducing stigma
  • Reconstructive Surgery (RCS)
  • Disability prevention and rehabilitation

Achievements:

  • India declared leprosy eliminated at national level in 2005
  • Continued efforts for local elimination

National AIDS Control Programme (NACP)

Launched: 1992
Current Phase: NACP Phase V (2021–2026)

Nodal Agency: NACO (National AIDS Control Organisation)

Objectives:

  • Reduce new HIV infections by 80%
  • Link 95% of PLHIV to ART
  • Eliminate mother-to-child transmission

Key Strategies:

  • Targeted Interventions (TIs) for high-risk groups
  • HIV Counseling and Testing Centres (ICTC)
  • Condom promotion
  • STI/RTI management
  • Free ART through ART centres

Achievements:

  • HIV prevalence decreased from 0.38% in 2001 to 0.22%
  • Over 15 lakh PLHIV receiving ART

National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP)

Formerly: RNTCP (Revised National TB Control Programme)

Goal: TB elimination by 2025 (5 years ahead of global target)

Strategies:

  • Universal Drug Susceptibility Testing (UDST)
  • DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course)
  • Ni-kshay portal for case tracking
  • Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana (₹500/month for nutrition support)
  • Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs)

Diagnostics:

  • CBNAAT (GeneXpert)
  • TrueNat
  • Microscopy, Culture

Achievements:

  • Increased case detection
  • Improved treatment success rates

Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP)

Launched: 2004
Objective: Early detection and response to disease outbreaks

Functions:

  • Collects data on epidemic-prone diseases from all levels
  • Weekly reporting from sub-centres, PHCs, CHCs, districts
  • Outbreak investigation teams
  • Strengthening lab support and training

Covered Diseases:

  • Cholera, Dengue, JE, Malaria, Meningitis, Measles, etc.

Significance:

  • First-line response system for health emergencies
  • Played major role during COVID-19 for early alerts

Universal Immunization Programme (UIP)

Launched: 1985 (as EPI in 1978)

Target Group:

  • All infants, children up to 5 years
  • Pregnant women

Vaccines Provided:

  • BCG
  • OPV
  • DPT
  • Hepatitis B
  • Hib (Pentavalent)
  • Rotavirus
  • IPV
  • MR (Measles-Rubella)
  • JE (in endemic areas)
  • PCV
  • COVID-19 (recently)

Mission Indradhanush:

  • Launched in 2014 to reach partially immunized/unimmunized children

Goal: Achieve >90% full immunization coverage

National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)

Launched: 2005 (now part of National Health Mission (NHM))

Aim: Provide accessible, affordable, quality healthcare to rural population

Key Components:

  • Strengthening sub-centres, PHCs, CHCs
  • ASHA workers (community link workers)
  • Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) for safe deliveries
  • Rogi Kalyan Samitis
  • Village Health Sanitation and Nutrition Committees (VHSNC)
  • Mobile Medical Units (MMUs)

Achievements:

  • Reduction in IMR, MMR
  • Improvement in institutional deliveries
  • Strengthened rural infrastructure

 

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