Evolution of Personnel Management
EVOLUTION OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT
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Introduction
·
Personnel management
begins around the end of 19th century
·
In the First World War the development of
personnel management begins, with the large number of women’s being recruited
to fill the gaps left by men’s going to fight.
·
In 1930 the economy starts to pick up and the
big corporations saw the value of improving employees benefits as a way of
recruiting, retaining and motivating employees
Evolutions
Era’s
·
Industrial Revolution
o
The beginning of HRM was started during
industrial revolution in 1850s
o
The wind successfully reached to India in the
beginning of 20th century
o
In the period of industrial revolution
§ Machines were brought
§ Rapid growth of technology
§ Workers were treated like machine tools
§ Employers were concerned to meet the production targets
§ Government did very little to protect the interest of
workers
·
Trade Unionism
o
A period when state interventions to protect
the employees interest was felt necessary
o
In the period of Trade Unionism
§ Associations of workers were started to from
§ Trade Union Act was passed in 1926
§ Main philosophy was to safeguard
· Worker’s interest
· Child labor
· Long working hours
· Poor working conditions
§ The weapons used by the unions to accept their problems
were
· Strikes
· Lockouts
o
This period gave rights to the personnel
practices such as
§ Collective bargaining
§ Grievances redressal
§ Arbitration
§ Employee benefit programmes
§ Rational wage structure installation
·
Social Responsibility Era
o
The father of this era was Sir Robert Owen
(British Industrialist)
o
He observed that the social & economic
environment influence the
§ Physical
§ Mental
§ & Psychological development of workers
o
He believed that the owner is like a father
and worker is like a child
o He always practiced
§ Provision for reduced working hours
§ Housing facilities for workers
§ Education for the worker’s and their children’s
§ Giving human treatment to workers
·
Scientific management Era
o
The father of his era was F.W Taylor
o
In 20tth century the Taylor developed his 4
principles
§ Use of scientific methods in organizations
§ Scientific selection, placement and training of workers
best suited to their tasks
§ Division of work and responsibility between the management
and workers
§ Harmonious and close cooperation with workers
o
The techniques developed by him were
§ Time study
§ Motion study
§ Standardization of
· Tools
· Machines
· Equipment's
· Working conditions
§ Incentive wage plan with differential piece rate of wages
·
Human Relation Era
o
The era of human relations focused on
§ Feelings
§ Attitudes
§ & needs of the workers as a human being
o
In 1935 Hugo Munsterberg suggested that
§ Physical environment should be good
§ Presence of favorable attitudes of workers and work team
towards their work
§ Social & psychological needs of workers should be
fulfilled
§ Workers can be motivated through job security and right
to express their opinion
·
Behavioral Science Era
o
This era was concerned with Social &
Psychological aspects of human behavior
o
The important elements of this era were
§ Individual behavior is linked with group behavior
§ Use if informal leadership rather than formal one
§ Motivation by self development
§ Improving efficiency by self operating
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