Demography & its concept
DEMOGRAPHY
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Introduction
·
It is the statistical study of human
population with regards to their structure & size, their composition by sex,
age, marital status and ethnic origin, and the change to these populations,
like changes in their birth, death and immigration rates.
·
Demography have three elements of the
population
o
Size
o
Structure
o
Geographical distribution
Scope
of Demography
Demography helps to know the below mentioned aspects of
population and by the help of these aspects the healthcare workers plans their
next steps
·
Total Population
o
Help to determine the bulk of services and
the work load
·
Age and sex composition
o
Help to analyze the health needs
o
Morbidity & Mortality pattern
o
Utilization of healthcare services
·
Median age & dependency ratio
o
Help to know about the ratio of young, elder
and adult population
·
Socioeconomic characteristics
o
It includes education, marital status,
occupation, income etc
o
Help to know the socioeconomic status
·
Life expectancy
o
Will help to understood & appreciate the
impact of healthcare services on morbidity & mortality among people
·
Distribution & concentration
o
Help to identify areas where services are
needed most
·
Birth & death rate
o
Help to know natural increase in population
and compute growth rate
Demographic
Cycle
The cycle of demography includes 5 stages
·
High Stationary Stage
o
High birth rate
o
High death rate
o
Population remains stationary
o
India till 1920
·
Early Expending Stage
o
Death rate begins to decline
o
Birth rate unchanged
o
Initial increase in population
o
South Asia & Africa
·
Late Expanding Stage
o
Death rate decrease still further
o
Birth rate tends to fall
o
Continue increase in population
o
China & Singapore
·
Low Stationary Stage
o
Low birth rate
o
Low death rate
o
Stability in population
o
Australia in 1980-85
·
Declining Stage
o
Birth rate is lower than the death rate
o
Fall in population
o
Europe & Germany
Demography
Data Collection Methods
·
Interview
·
Observation
·
Questionnaire
·
Surveys
·
Hospital records
·
Census
·
Registration of Vital events
·
Record review method
Demography
Rates & Ratio
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Rates
o
Crude rate
o
Specific Rate
o
Birth & Fertility Rate
o
Death Rate
·
Ratio
o
Pregnancy Ratio
o
Abortion Ratio
o
Child Woman Ratio
Video
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