Motivation
MOTIVATION
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Introduction
·
It refers to the willful desire to direct one’s behavior towards the goal
·
It can also be defined as the forces that
maintain and alter the
o Directions
o Quality
o & Intensity of behavior
Nature
of Motivation
·
Related to the satisfaction
·
Goal directed
·
Based on motives
·
Complex process
Types
of Motivation
·
Intrinsic motivation (a
person is being motivated by internal desires)
·
Extrinsic motivation (a
person is being motivated by external desires)
Theories
of Motivation
·
Hertzberg’s two factor theory
o
According to Hertzberg the motivation can be achieved
by the help of Motivational factors
and can be lost because of Hygiene factors
o
Motivational factors
§ Enjoying your work
§ Feeling recognized
§ Carrier progression
§ Financial benefits
§ Job advancement
o
Hygiene factors
§ Security pay
§ Fairness
§ Salary
§ Company policies
§ Relationship with managers
·
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
o
According to the Maslow’s the hierarchy is
made up of 5 levels and after reaching at 5th level the person achieves
the full satisfaction and get motivation.
§ Physiological needs (these needs are necessary for the
survival of a person)
§ Safety (it includes personal & financial security,
health and well being)
§ Belongingness (at 3rd level the persons need a
love, relationship and family to share his things)
§ Esteem (need to feel confident and respected by others)
§ Self actualization (desire to achieve everything you
possibly can)
o
This theory fails because different persons
may be driven by different needs at the same point of time.
·
Hawthorne effect
This study was design and conducted at Western Electric Company in 1924.
o Objective of this study is to examine the effect of various lightening levels on workers’ productivity.
o Workers was divided into two groups
§ Experimental group
§ Control Group
o The experimental group exposed to various intensities of light but the control group worked at a constant light intensity
o As the level of light intensity increases the productivity also increases in both the groups and when the intensity of light decreases the productivity continued to increases in both the groups.
o The results indicates that the incentive plan had less effect on the worker output in comparison to the
§ Group Pressure
§ Acceptance
§ Security
Expectancy Theory
o It states that people will choose that how to behave depending on the outcomes they expect as a result of their behavior
o
The best example is that a worker work longer
hours to get a pay rise, it can leads to 2 conditions
§ If he gets the pay rise, he get motivation also
§ If he fails to get the pay rise, he gets the loss of
satisfaction & motivation
o
This theory is based on the three elements
§ Expectancy (a belief that your efforts will results in your desired
goal)
§ Instrumentality (a belief that you will get a reward when you meet the
performance expectation)
§ Valence (the value you place on the reward)
Benefits
of Motivation
·
Job satisfaction
·
Need satisfaction
·
Productivity
·
Learning
·
Discipline
Video Description
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