Leadership
LEADERSHIP
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Introduction
·
A process of social influence that creates a
way for peoples to contribute in making something extraordinary or achieving a
task/goal.
·
Or in simple words we can say
o
Leading peoples
o
Influencing peoples
o
Commanding peoples
o Guiding peoples
Characteristics
of Leadership
·
Leader must have followers
·
A leader influence his followers willingly
not by force
·
Leadership is exercised in a given situation
·
Purpose is to achieve some common goals
· It is a working relationship between a leader and his followers
Traits
& factors of Leadership
·
Traits
o
Surgency (extroversion)
o
Conscientiousness (personal integrity)
o
Agreeableness (cheerful & optimistic)
o
Adjustment (self control)
o
Intellectance (learning oriented)
·
Factors
o
Leader
o
Follower
o
Communication
o
Situation
Leadership Styles
·
Leadership style refers to a leader’s
characteristic approach to guiding, influencing, and motivating individuals or
teams to achieve organizational goals.
Power Orientation Leadership Styles
·
Power orientation leadership styles are
based on how a leader uses power and authority to influence followers.
a) Autocratic Leadership
- Leader
makes decisions unilaterally.
- No
or minimal input from subordinates.
- Power
centralised.
- Use
of positional authority.
Advantages:
- Fast
decision-making.
- Useful
in emergencies.
Disadvantages:
- Low
morale.
- Employee
dissatisfaction.
b) Participative (Democratic) Leadership
- Decisions
are made with input from team members.
- Leader
shares power and responsibility.
Advantages:
- Encourages
creativity, motivation.
- Better
team bonding and satisfaction.
Disadvantages:
- Time-consuming.
- May
lead to indecisiveness.
c) Free-Rein (Laissez-Faire) Leadership
- Leader
gives complete freedom to the team.
- Minimal
interference.
- Employees
make decisions.
Advantages:
- High
autonomy.
- Encourages
innovation.
Disadvantages:
- Lack
of direction.
- Can lead to poor performance.
Theories
of Leadership
·
Trait Theory
o Leaders were born with inherent physiological and
personality traits like
§ Age
§ Height
§ Intelligence
§ Academic achievement
o Stogdill in 1974 marks some general characteristics that
differentiate a leader from a non-leader
§ Capacity
§ Achievements
§ Responsibility
§ Participation & Involvement
§ Socio economic status
·
Behavioural Theory
o
Role theory
§ Always remember that the assumption about a leader are
shaped by
· Culture
· Training sessions
· Modelling by seniors
§ Leader defines the roles for themselves and others
§ Leader form expectations about the roles that they & followers
will play
§ Leader encourages others to act within the role
expectations
o
Managerial grid
§ Managers have two different leadership styles
· Concern for production (manager who is task oriented) X-axis managers
· Concern for people (manager who is team oriented) Y-axis managers
·
Contingency Theory
o The success of the leader is a result of various
contingencies in the form of
§ Subordinates
§ Tasks
§ Group variables
o Leaders who are very successful at one place may be unsuccessful
at another place because of the change in factors around them
o Best example is Dr. Manmohan Singh as a finance minister
and as a Prime minister
·
Situational Theory
o Successful leaders used different leadership styles
instead of a single type of styles in different situation.
o The style of the leadership depends on the
§ Maturity of the person
§ Details of the task
o With the help of this theory, leaders should be able to place more or less emphasis on the task.
Video
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