Internet
INTERNET
Introduction
· A network of
computers that links different types of computer all around the world.
· It is a very
large WAN (Wide Area Network) that connect computers.
· It makes
possible to connect millions of peoples around the globe with the help of
mobiles, cable lines and satellites.
Concept & Services of
Internet
·
The
Internet was born in 1960s and has its root in the ARPANET.
·
ARPANET
(Advance Research Project Agency) is the department of US defence which linked
the mainframe computers to form a communication network.
·
The
basic services of internet are
o
Electronic
mail
o
Telnet
o
FTP
o
Usenet
o
World
Wide Web
Hardware & Software
requirements
· Hardware
o
Modem
o
NIC
(Network Interface Card)
o
Dongle
o
Wi-Fi
o
Electronic
device with cellular support
o
Dial-up
connection
·
Software
o
Operating
System supporting TCP/IP/SMTP/FTP/HTTP/HTTPS protocols
o
Browsers
having access to the web applications such as
§ Outlook
§ G-mail
§ Whatsapp
§ Facebook
§ Twitter etc.
Types of Internet Connections
Internet
connections have a wide range and every type can access to the internet with
their own speed and range that can be use for various purposes.
· Dial-Up Connection
o
It
is established between your computer and the ISP server by the use of modem.
o
It
is a cheap and traditional connection.
o
Mostly
it is not preferred because of its slow connectivity.
· Broadband Connection
o
It
refers to the high speed internet connection.
o
It
is established with the help of
§
Coaxial
cable
§
Optical
§
Twisted
pair cable etc.
o
It
allows more than one users to connect with the network at a time.
· DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)
o
It
is a form of broadband connection that is connected by the help of telephone
line.
o
It
is always on and there is no need to dial-Up a phone number to connect.
o
A
DSL connection can translate data at 5 million bytes/second.
· Satellite Connection
o
It
is mainly offered in rural areas where broadband connection is not yet offered.
o
The
signals travel from earth to satellite and back again to provide internet
connection.
o
This
connection speeds range from 512k to 2.0Mbps.
· Wireless Connection
o
It
does not use telephone lines or cables to connect to the internet.
o
It
uses the radio frequency to connect to the internet.
o
It
is easily accessible and speed ranges from 5Mbps to 20Mbps.
· Cellular
o
It
provides the wireless internet connection through mobile phones.
o
The
speed varies according to the type of connection means 3G, 4G or 5G.
o
The
current speed of 4G networks is about 21Mbps.
· ISDN (Integrated Service Digital Network)
o
It
is a circuit switched telephone network system.
o
It
can transmit the voice and data over a digital line.
o
It
gives maximum speed of 128kbit/s both in Up & Down stream.
Internet Advantages
·
Communication
·
Research
·
Education
·
Financial
transactions
·
For
Updates etc.
Internet Disadvantages
·
Information
theft.
·
Spamming
·
Malware
threats
·
Social
isolation
·
Obesity
·
Depression
etc.
Modems
· It is a network
device that enables a computer to transfer the data from telephone line to the
computer and vice versa.
· The main
function of modem is to perform
o
Modulation (Digital
signals to Analog signals)
o
Demodulation (Analog signals
to Digital signals)
· The modems are
basically of two types
o
Internal
modems (Add on card that can plug into expansion slot of computer)
o
External
modems (connect to the computer by RS-232 cable to the serial pot)
World Wide Web
· It is the most
popular method of accessing the internet by the concept called Hypertext.
· The hypertext
documents on the internet are known as the web pages.
· And web pages
created by the use of a special language known as HTML.
§
HTML
(Hyper Text Markup Language)
· The hypertext is
displayed on a computer or other electronic devices with reference to other
text that reader can easily access.
E-mail
·
E-mail
also known as electronic mail in shortcut.
·
It
helps to send and receive a message (mail) and it is faster than a paper mail.
·
Images,
audio, video can be sent along with text.
·
Most
of the e-mail on the internet uses the SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol).
·
And
e-mail also have an address like aa123@gmail.com.
CHAT
·
CHAT (Conversational
Hypertext Access Technology) or online chat.
·
It
helps peoples to exchange the text messages interactively with other people
around the world.
·
Basically
it is of two types
o
Synchronous Chat (that enables
multiple users to be online and in the same online room typing their comments
to each other).
§ Web based chat
rooms
§ Real time chat
§ Internet relay
chat.
o
Asynchronous
Chat (Which
involves the asynchronous communication{relay of information with a time lag})
§
The
main disadvantage is time lost and
§
Waiting
for a response.
Browsers
·
A
web browsers takes you anywhere on internet and it retrieves the information
from other parts of the web and displays it on your desktop or mobile devices
·
It
was invented in 1990 by Sir Tim Berners Lee and the name was WWW (World Wide
Web).
·
Examples
of some popular browsers are
§ Google
§ Chrome
§ Internet
§ Explorer
§ Firefox
§ Safari
§ Opera etc.
Search
Engines
·
It
is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World
Wide Web.
·
It
uses the keywords to search for the documents that relate to these keywords and
then puts the result in order of relevance to the topic that was searched for.
·
Some
famous search engines are
o
Yahoo
o
Google
o
Altavista
o
Overture
o
msn
o
Ask
jeeves
Intranet Vs Extranet
·
Intranet
o
A
local or restricted communication network that delivers collaboration and
coordination to employees around the clock and developed by the technical
staff.
o
The
main focus of intranet is message not the media.
o
It
can be only accessed by the authorized persons, especially organization
employees.
o
It
can be use for
§ Sharing company policies.
§ Sharing
information of common interest.
§ Access product
and customer data.
§ Submission of
reports.
o
The
advantages of Intranets includes
§ Fast, easy &
of low cost.
§ Easy to learn
and use.
§ Hypertext links.
§ Improves
communication.
o
It
also have some disadvantages which includes
§ Management
problem
§ Security problem
§ Productivity
problem
·
Extranet
o
An
internet which is authorized for outside users using same internet technology.
o
It
enables outsiders to work together with a company’s employees.
o
It
is open to selected suppliers & customers.
o
The
best example of extranet is the access of distributors to the product file.
o
The
main components of extranet are
§ TCP/IP protocol
§ E-mail
§ Web browsers
o
The
main advantages of extranet are
§ Improved quality
§ Lower travel
costs
§ Lower
administrative cost
§ Improved
customer service
§ Better
communication.
o
It
also have some disadvantages which includes
§ Faceless contact
§ Information can
be misused
§ Possibility of
fraud
§ Required
technical employees.
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