Data Collection
DATA COLLECTION
Description also available in video format (attached below), for better experience use your desktop.
Introduction
· Data refers to
the quantitative or qualitative value of a variable just like
§
Numbers
§
Images
§
Words
§
Figures
§
Facts
§
&
ideas
· Data is also
known as the lowest unit of information through which other measurement and
analysis can be done.
· Data is one of
the most important and vital aspect of any research study.
Sources of Data
·
Internal Sources
o
When
the information is collected from the inside resources.
o
Institutions
and departments have information about their regular functions for their own internal
purposes.
o
And
when that information is used in any survey than it is called the internal
source of data.
o
For
an example Hospital records, Routine surveillance, Thesis etc.
·
External Sources
o
When
the information is collected from the outside resources.
o
Such
types of data are either
§
Primary
§
Secondary
o
For
an example Census, Sample registration, Sampling etc.
Primary Data
· Collected from
first handed experiences
· More reliable
and authentic
· Not been
published anywhere
· It has not been
changed or altered by human being, therefore its validity is greater than the secondary
data.
· Methods of collecting Primary data are
o
Direct
Personal Investigation (Interviewing)
o
Investigation
through observation
o
Case
Studies
o
Indirect
Oral Investigation
o
Measurements
Lab results Experimentations.
· The benefits of Primary data includes
o
Addressing
of targeted issues
o
Better
data interpretation
o
Data
accuracy and Greater control
· The limitations of Primary data includes
o
Costly
and time consuming
o
Required
more manpower and resources
o
Training,
skill and laborious
Secondary Data
· It is already
been collected by others
· Examples include
o
Journals
o
Research
Publications
o
Official
Records etc
· Methods of collecting Secondary data are
o
International
Journals
o
Governments
Publications
o
Public
Records
o
Historical
and statistical documents
· The benefits of Secondary data includes
o
Quick
and Cheap
o
Wide
geographical area range
o
Leading
to primary data
· The limitations of Secondary data includes
o
Poor
accuracy
o
Not
up to date
o
Poor
accessibility in some cases
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