Monitoring and Surveillance

By Abdulla Israr & Simran Rani

 MONITORING & SURVEILLANCE

Description also available in video format (attached below)


Introduction

These are the general terms that refers to the systematic, active/passive & continual observation's of persons, places, things or processes.

Monitoring

  • It is the ongoing, continuous and routine observation on health and production of animal.
  • It put efforts to assess the health and disease status of a given population and a integral part of management planning.
  • The development of any monitoring strategy should be on the basis of resources and risk management.
Characteristics of Monitoring
  • It is a essential part of surveillance.
  • It can be carried out by any technical person or automated machine.
  • It is composed of formulated standards.
  • It helps to differentiate between acceptable and unacceptable change.

  Surveillance

  • It is a continuous watching and scrutinizing over the distribution & spread of disease to control & prevent the affects of infection or disease.
  • It also refers to the extension of monitoring to extract out the information which can be utilized and measure.
 Characteristics of Surveillance

  • It is a essential part of disease.
  • Latterly it also includes the diseases and related factors.
  • It is a more intensive form of data recording on the basis of
      • Gathering, recording and analysis of data
      • Information dissemination
      • Action can be taken to control the disease.
Goals of Surveillance
  • To detect the outbreak of a disease.
  • To identify the disease at it's early stage.
  • To assess the health status of a defined population.
  • To evaluate the disease control programs.
  • To identify the new and emerging diseases.
Types of Surveillance
  • Sentinel Surveillance (monitoring of rate of occurrence of specific disease)
  • Serological Surveillance (identification of current and past pattern of infection by using serological tests)
  • Passive Surveillance (monitoring of the existing disease status of the population that survived)
  • Active Surveillance (collection of information from surveys of specific diseases)
  • Targeted Surveillance (collection of information about a specific disease in a defined population to measure it's level of extension)
  • Scanning Surveillance (continuous monitoring of endemic diseases)
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