Invasive & Non-Invasive diagnostics
INVASIVE
& NON-INVASIVE DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
Introduction
The diagnostic test is a pre assessment testing of a patient that helps to determine the nature, stage, progress level and type of infection/disease in the human body. After a proper diagnosis the treating doctor decides the patient care plan to treat or cure the disease. These diagnostic tests classified into two major categories
1)
Invasive
diagnostics
· It is a type of
medical procedure that is carried out by trained medical workers in which they
use instrument that cut the skin or that are inserted into a body opening
· The examples of
invasive diagnostics are
i. Biopsy
ii. Excision
iii. Cryotherapy
iv. Endoscopy
etc.
2)
Non-Invasive
diagnostics
· It is also a
type of medical procedure that do not required any type of breaking the skin or
entering in body.
· There are many
numbers of non-invasive procedures which are starting from a simple observation
to specialized forms of surgery.
· The examples of
non-invasive diagnostics are
i. Radio surgery
ii. Deep palpation
iii. X-rays
iv. B.P measurement
v. Extracorporeal
shock wave lithotripsy etc.
Minimum Lab testing facilities in a hospital
a)
Haematology& Clinical
Pathology
ü Haemoglobin estimation (Hb%)
ü Total Leukocytes count
ü Differential Leucocytes count
ü Absolute Eosinophil count
ü Reticulocyte count
ü Total RBC count
ü E. S. R.
ü Coagulation Test (BT, CT, APTT collectively can be put under this)
ü Sickle cell anaemia
ü Thalassemia (Hb Electrophoresys)
ü Bleeding time
ü Clotting time
ü Prothrombin time
ü Peripheral Blood Smear
ü Malaria/Filaria Parasite
ü Platelet count
ü Packed Cell volume
ü Blood grouping
ü Rh typing
ü Blood Cross matching
ü APTT
ü
Urine RE (Albumin,
Sugar, Deposits, bile salts, bile pigments, acetone,
specific gravity, Reaction
(pH))
ü Stool for Ovacyst (Ph)
ü Occult blood
b)
Cytology
ü Semen Analysis
ü CSF Analysis
( Cell count )
ü Aspirated Fluid
(Cell count) cytology
ü Pap Smear & Cytology
ü FNAC
ü Sputum Analysis
ü Bone Marrow
Cytology
c)
Microbiology
ü KOH study for fungus
ü Smear for AFB
ü KLB (Diphtheria) C/S
ü Culture and Sensitivity of sputum, pus, urine & Stool
ü Culture and sensitivity for blood,
ü Stool culture
for Vibrio Cholera
and other bacterial enteropathogene
ü Grams Stain for Throat swab, sputum etc.
d)
Biochemistry
ü Blood Sugar
ü Glucose Tolerance Test
ü Glycosylated Hemoglobin
ü Blood urea, blood cholesterol
ü Serum bilirubin
ü Liver function
tests (Aspartate aminotransferase (AST),Alanine aminotransferase (ALT),Alkaline
phosphatase (ALP), Total bilirubin and direct
bilirubin, Albumin and total protein)
ü Kidney function
tests (Serum urea. Creatinine)
ü Lipid Profile
(Total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, Triglycerides)
ü Blood uric acid
ü Serum calcium
ü Serum
Phosphorous
ü Serum Magnesium
ü CSF for protein, sugar
ü Blood gas analysis
ü Thyroid T3 T4 TSH
ü CPK
ü Chloride
ü Sodium
ü Potassium
ü Bi Carbonate
ü Microalbumin
ü FT3, FT4
ü Cortisol, Serum
ü Estradiol (E2),
Serum
ü ACTH
ü Testosterone
ü Progesterone
ü GH
ü FSH: Follicle
Stimulating Hormone
ü LH: Luteinising Hormone
ü DHEA: Dehydroepiandrosterone
ü Estriol Unconjugated / Free (µE3)
ü Hepatitis B Core Antibody
(Anti-HBc), IgM
ü HCG, Beta
ü Torch Panel Avidity, IgG *Toxoplasma *Rubella
*Cytomegalovirus
ü Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Avidity, IgG
ü Toxoplasma Avidity,
IgG
ü Rubella (German Measles) Avidity, IgG
ü Coombs Test,
Indirect
ü Toxoplasma Antibody, IgM
ü Rubella (German Measles) Antibody, IgM
ü Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 1+2, IgG,
Serum
e)
Serology
ü RPR Card test for syphillis
ü Leptospirosis, Brucellosis
ü WIDAL test
ü Elisa test for HIV, HBsAg, HCV
ü RA factor, ANF
f)
Histopathology
ü All types of specimens, Biopsy
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