Health Education
HEALTH EDUCATION
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Introduction
· A combination of
learning experience that is designed to help individuals, groups &
communities to improve their health by improving their knowledge and attitude
towards various health issues.
· It can also be
defined as a process which aims to encourage peoples to know that how to stay
healthy.
· It is also used
interchangeably with IEC & Behavior change communication.
Aims & Objectives
· To encourage
peoples to adopt and sustain a life style that promotes health & health
practices.
· To aware &
promote the peoples for the use of available health services in their areas.
· To create
interest, give knowledge, enhance skills and change attitude in making
rationale decision s to solve their own problems.
· To achieve the
health development by the help of individuals & community involvement at
every step from the identifying problems to solving them.
Approaches
· Regulatory Approach
o
It
is a direct or indirect involvement of the government to alter the human
behaviour.
o
A
lot of example exist such as
§
Restriction
of child marriage.
§
Compulsion
of seat belt while driving.
§
Wearing
rules of helmet on bike.
· Service Approach
o
The
aim of this approach is to provide the needed health services to the peoples at
their door steps.
o
The
best example is that the government is providing free toilet seats in rural
areas to promote sanitation.
· Health Education Approach
o
This
approach focuses to educate the peoples through learning experiences.
o
It
informs, educates and encouraged peoples to make their own choice for healthy
life.
o
Current
examples of health education are
§
Awareness
on drug addiction.
§
Use
of safe water.
§
Fertility
control.
· Primary Healthcare Approach
o
A
latest approach which is started from the active participation and involvement
of peoples in the planning & delivery of health services.
o
The
best example of this approach is the community participation in intersectoral
coordination.
Models of Health Education
· Medical Model
o
This
model is concerned with the disease or illness.
o
This
primary focus of this model is to recognize the disease.
o
After
recognition of the disease it focuses on the treatment.
o
It
also concern with the technology advancement to facilitate the process.
· Motivation Model
o
A
person must have to motivate to adopt any idea of health education.
o
To
get the motivation that person needs to pass these three stages
§
Awareness
(the targeted person is aware or not)
§
Motivation
(Interest, evaluation and decision making)
§
Action
(Idea is acceptable or not)
· Social Intervention model
o
This
model of health education is to bring a social change means a change in the
society behavior towards health.
o
It
can be often found that people will not readily accept any new idea until it
has been approved by the group to which they belongs.
o
The
examples of this model are
§
Adoption
of small family norms.
§
Raising
the age of marriage.
§
Elimination
of dowry.
Contents of Health Education
· Environmental Hygiene
o
To
educate the people about the importance of environmental health and its effects
on their health.
o
To
secure, adopt, use and maintain the environmental health facilities.
· Family Healthcare
o
To
improve and strengthen the quality of life of the family as a unit.
o
To
prepare the families for the survival in rapid and complex social changes.
· Control of Diseases
o
To
encourage the peoples to participate in the
§
Disease
control,
§
Health
protection and
§
Health
promotion programmes.
· Mental Health
o
The
aim of health education is to keep people healthy in their mental aspects.
o
To
prevent mental breakdown of peoples.
· Prevention of Accidents
o
The
main aim of this content is to provide a safe environment and by creating
awareness on
§
Road
§
Home
§
Place
of work.
· Use of Health Service
o
To
inform the public about the available health services in their community and
how to use them.
o
To
ensure that the available health services should not be misused or abused.
Principles of Health Education
· Community
Involvement
· Promotion of
self esteem
· Voluntarism
· Facilitation of
informed choice
· Respect to the
culture norms
· Good human
relations.
· Evaluation needs
· Accuracy of
information
· Appropriate
method used
Methods of Health Education
· Individual Approach
o
Personal
Contact
o
Home
Visit
o
Personal
Letters
· Group Approach
o
Lectures
o
Demonstration
o
Group
Discussion
o
Workshops
o
Role
Play
o
Seminars
· Mass Approach
o
Television
o
Radio
o
Newspaper
o
Direct
Mailing
o
Posters
o
Internet
o
Films
Steps of Planning and Management of Health Education
· Engaging and
understanding the priority of population.
· Assessing the
needs and assets of the priority population.
· Developing
program goals and objectives.
· Planning and
intervention.
· Implementing the
intervention.
· Evaluating the
importance of intervention.
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