Epidemiology

By Abdulla Israr & Simran Rani

 EPIDEMIOLOGY


Description also available in video format (attached below)


Introduction

The term Epidemiology is derived from three Greek words

  • Epi (Among)
  • Demos (People)
  • Logos (Study)
Hence, It can be defined as the study of distribution and determinants of health related events in a specific number of peoples and to apply the study outcomes for controlling the health related problems.


Concept of Epidemiology

The concept of epidemiology involves three basic components

1) Disease frequency

It can be defined as the calculation of frequency (repetition) of disease, disability or death in a specific number of population of a given geographical area. Then the calculated numbers expressed in terms of rates & ratios for example; Death rate, Incidence rate etc.

These rates helps us to understand and compare the frequency of disease in different groups of the same population in relation to the causal factors.

2)  Distribution of disease

In this component of epidemiology the epidemiologist observe
  • Increase or decrease of disease in a particular period of time.
  • Higher number of cases in which group than others.
  • Disease occurrence more often in Man, Woman or Children's.
  • Behavior change in affected persons. 
3) Determinants of disease

These are the variables, causes and risk factors that influence the frequency of disease.
  • Agents
  • Exposure to source
  • Environment

Aims of Epidemiology
  • To define the magnitude of heath & disease related problems in human population.
  • To mark the risk factors in pathogenesis (way of development) of disease.
  • To make the data available for planning, implementation and evaluation of various health programs.
  • To promote health and wellness.

Applications of Epidemiology
  • To understand the rising and falling pattern of a disease in a population.
  • Diagnosis of a community.
  • Planning and evaluation of any Health Programme.
  • To calculate the risk and chances of disease occurrence in a population.

Terminologies used in Epidemiology
  • Infection (Entry of infectious agent in the body)
  • Contamination (Presence of infectious agent on the surface of the body)
  • Infestation (State of being invaded by parasites)
  • Host (A living organism that harbor's the parasite)
  • Infectious agent (that cause the infection)
  • Contagious disease (Disease that can transfer through contact)
  • Epidemic (Widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a specific time)
  • Endemic (Constant presence of a disease in a given area)
  • Sporadic (Fastly spreading condition of a disease)
  • Pandemic (When cases are more than expected or epidemic of a disease that spread across a large region)
  • Exotic (Disease which are imported into the nation)
  • Zoonosis (Disease transfer from vertebrate animals)
  • Epizootic (Disease outbreak in animal population)
  • Nosocomial Infection (Infection originated from a healthcare facility)
  • Opportunistic Infection (Infection which takes opportunity to enter in host when the host is in low immunity state)
  • Surveillance (Continuous monitoring)
  • Eradication (Disease will no longer to occurs in a population)  
# To explore more knowledge kindly visit to our Facebook  page by clicking https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100089946602457&mibextid=ZbWKwL and don't  forget to Like, Follow, Comment & Share this page.

Video description

     Don’t forget to do these things if you get benefitted from this article

o   Visit our Let’s contribute page https://keedainformation.blogspot.com/p/lets-contribute.html

o   Follow our  page

o   Like & comment on our post




Keep sharing your knowledge

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Bio Medical Waste Management

By Abdulla Israr & Simran Rani
Image
BIO MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT         Description also available in video format (attached below), for better experience use your desktop. Introduction ·        BMWM is the management of the waste that is generated during the diagnosis and treatment of a patient ·        Hospital Waste entirely divide into the below mentioned categories o    Non Hazardous (80%) o    Hazardous (20%) §   Infectious (15%) §   Other Hazardous (5%) ·        Non sharps ·        Sharps ·        BMW can easily affect out the entire community such as o    Patients o    Healthcare Workers o    Municipal Workers o    Rag pickers o    Workers in recycling industries   BMW Handling & Management Rules 1998 ·        RULE 1 (SHORT TITLE AND COMMENCEMENT) o    Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 1998 o    Came into force on the 20 th July 1998 ·        RULE 2 (APPLICATION) o    Rules apply to all persons who §   Generates, Collect, Receive, Store §   Transport, Treat,
Read more

CSSD

By Abdulla Israr & Simran Rani
Image
CSSD Description also available in video format (attached below), for better experience use your desktop. Introduction ·        CSSD Central Sterile Supply Department is a service that is responsible for the o    Processing o    Issuing o    & Control of sterile supply for the use in various departments of the hospital   Planning of a CSSD 1)    Location a.     Should be located near to the areas it mainly serve i.e.                                                     i.      Operation Theatre                                                   ii.      ICU                                                 iii.      CCU                                                 iv.      Surgical Wards                                                   v.      Emergency b.     Away from the main traffic of patient flow c.      Easy access to the boiler for steam 2)    Size a.     Size varies as per the size of the hospital                                  
Read more

Statistics

By Abdulla Israr & Simran Rani
Image
STATISTICS Description also available in video format (attached below), for better experience use your desktop. Definition ·        It is a branch of mathematics that deals with the §   Collection §   Organizing §   Analysis §   Interpretation §   & Presentation of the masses of numerical data. ·        A collection of quantitative data.   Characteristics ·        It should be expressed numerically just like the height of Abdullah is 6’1” makes the fact clear and easy to understand. ·        It is the collection of facts, and the facts can be related to a group or individual. ·        It is affected by a number of factors, causes and forces in a market which operates on the fact and figures in a group. ·        The main purpose of any scientific study is the first and most important step which helps to collect the data in a systematic manner. ·        Statistics are estimated according to reasonable standards of accuracy. ·        It should be plac
Read more