Cold chain

By Abdulla Israr & Simran Rani

     COLD CHAIN



Description also available in video format (attached format)

Introduction

It can be defined as a process of storing and transporting the vaccine, at a low temperature from the point of manufacturing to the actual vaccination point.

Importance 

  • To store and transport the vaccines.
  • To maintain the supply of vaccines.
  • To protect the vaccine from sunlight exposure.
  • To maintain the potency of vaccines.

COMPONENTS

1) Apparatus/Equipment's
  • Vaccine Carriers
    • A small box consist of heat resistant material and light in weight.
    • Suitable to carry small quantities of vaccines.
    • Four Ice packs are arranged around all four corners.
    • Can kept vaccine up to 2 to 3 days.
  •   Cold Boxes
    • A Box having a size of 5 to 20 liters.
    • They can transport large quantities of vaccines.
    • The vaccines can be easily preserved for one week without power supply.
  • Ice Packs
    • These are the flat plastic bottles.
    • Filled with water and does not have any salt.
    • Used in vaccine carriers after freezing of water.
  • Day Carriers
    • A thermocol & thermos flask box having two Ice packs.
    • Generally used to keep vaccine for a day.
    • It can hold 6 to 8 vials for 24hrs.
  •   Refrigerator
    • An appliance with cold temperature and a faster freezing capacity.
    • Generally have a capacity of 300 liters.
    • Used in all district hospitals.
    • Also used to make Ice packs, to store OPV & measles vaccines.
2) Supplies
  • These are the vaccines and solvents.
  • Used to be store and transport in Cold chain apparatus & equipment's.
  • Should kept at low temperature to maintain their potency.
3) Manual Efforts
  • These are the efforts to maintain the cold chain by
      • Manufacturing workers
      • Health officers
      • Transporting persons
      • Healthcare staff
4) Transportation
  • Should be rapid in nature to maintain the potency of vaccine.
  • Equipment's should be arranged in the trucks with heat resistant material.
  • Airplanes should be used for long distance to save time.
5) Communication
  • All information related to the product should be printed on its surface.
  • Handling procedure manual of Cold chain equipment also have to be transfer to the handler along with product.
  • The communication should be clearly sent and received.
Controlling of Cold Chain
  • Keep the vaccine as per the instructions.
  • Take all measures & precautions while the transportation of vaccine.
  • Record the temperature of storage place in all 3 shifts.
  • Proper calibration of Cold chain equipment.
  • Communication system should be effective latest and advance.

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