Health indicators

By Abdulla Israr & Simran Rani

 HEALTH INDICATORS

 

 


Description also available in video format (attached below)


Introduction

It can be defined as the "variables which measure the change", means an indicator is a variable that indicates or reflect a given situation.

They help to measure-

  • level up to which the objectives of a certain Programme are being attained or not.
  • the health of a population
  • things that influence the health

Characteristics
  • Valid (measure what the supposed to measure)
  • Reliable (show same result in similar conditions)
  • Sensitive (sensitive to change)
  • Specific (reflect changes)
  • Feasible (able to obtain data)
  • Relevant (understanding of phenomenon of interest)


Types 

1) Mortality Indicators 

  • Crude Death Rate
  • Expectation of life
  • Infant Mortality Rate
  • Child Death Rate
  • Maternal Mortality Ratio
  • Disease Specific Death Rate
  • Proportional Mortality Rate
  • Case Fatality Rate
  • Years of potential life lost (YPPL)
2) Morbidity Indicators
  • Incidence (no. of new cases)
  • Prevalence (old plus new case)
3) Disability Rates
  • HALE   { (Health Adjusted Life Expectancy), time spent in poor health}
  • DALYs  {(Disability Adjusted Life Years), years of healthy life lost due to disability}
  • QALY    {(Quality Adjusted Life Year), years that would be added by intervention}
  • Sullivan's Index  {Expectation of life free from disability}

4) Nutritional Status Indicators

  • Weight
  • Height
  • Mid arm circumference
5) Fertility Indicators
  • Birth Rate
  • Fertility Rate
  • Reproduction Rate
  • Sex ratio at birth
  • Pregnancy Rate
  • Abortion Rate
6) Health Care Delivery Indicators
  • Doctor & population ratio
  • Doctor & nurse ratio
  • Population & bed ratio
7) Socioeconomic Indicators
  • Per capita GNP
  • Employment ratio
  • Literacy ratio
  • Population growth
  • Dependency ratio
  • Family size

  Uses of Health Indicators
  • To describe the health status of a community
  • To compare the health of different communities
  • To identify health needs
  • To evaluate health services
  • To measure the health of a community


Video description

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Comments

Saqlain Gulzar said…
Very very good notes for epidemiology
May Almighty Allah bless you with happiness and success in your life 🥰

May 16, 2023 at 12:13 PM
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