Components of Computer System
COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM
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Introduction
·
The basic components of a computer system are
o
Input devices
o
CPU
o
Memory
o
Output devices
Input
Unit
·
Any data or instructions entered into the
memory of a computer
·
Any hardware component that allows user to
enter data & instruction in a computer
·
Examples
o
Keyboard
§ Used to enter the information into the computer
§ QWERTY keyboard is called the standard keyboard
o
Ball Mouse
§ Operated by rolling its ball across a flat surface
§ It is used to control the on screening pointer by
· Pointing & clicking
· Double clicking
· Dragging
o
Optical Mouse
§ It is an advanced computer pointing device
§ Uses LED (Light Emitting Diode) in place of traditional
mouse ball
§ Movement is detected by sensing changes in reflected
light
Output
Unit
·
Job of output is just the reverse of that of
an input unit
·
Supplies information and results of
computation to the outside world
·
Examples
o
Monitor
§ A display screen used to provide “Output” to the user
§ Here you can view the information you are working on
o
Printer
§ Produces a hard of the information
§ Delivers information to the user in printed form
Memory
Devices
·
Storing data is a needed activity done by all
computers
·
Main Memory (Data
is stored temporally while program is running)
·
Backing Storage (Used
to store the data for a long term)
·
Examples
o
Primary Memory
§ Temporary area for holding the data
§ Store the program currently being executed
§ Types
· RAM (Random Access Memory)
o
Memory that is used by the program in
execution
o
If the computers get turned off, RAM will
lose all of the data
· ROM (Read Only Memory)
o
Which can be read but cannot be written on
o
Non volatile
o
Used to store some firmware programs
o
Secondary Memory
§ Permanent memory of the system
§ More storage capacity
§ It is the backing store
o
Magnetic Disc
§ Stored data in the form of magnetic directions
§ Examples are
· Hard disk
· Floppy disk
· Optical disk
CPU
(Central Processing
Unit)
·
Control Unit + Arithmetic Logic Unit = CPU
·
Brain of the computer
·
Perform data processing operations
·
Control the working of the entire system
o
Arithmetic Logic Unit
§ Place where the actual execution of the instructions
takes place
§ All calculation are performed here
§ It consists of circuits that perform arithmetic as well
as logical operations
o
Control Unit
§ It act as a CNS for the other components of the computer
§ Manages & coordinates the entire computer system
§ Get information from the main memory
§ Issues signals to control every other units of the system
Video
Description
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