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VITAMINS & MINERALS Description also available in video format (attached below), for better experience use your desktop. Introduction Vitamins are organic compounds that are necessary in small quantities for normal body function and growth. They are classified based on their solubility: ·         Fat-soluble vitamins: A, D, E, K ·         Water-soluble vitamins: B-complex (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12) and Vitamin C Minerals are inorganic elements that the body needs to function properly. They are divided into two categories: ·         Macrominerals: Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sulfur, Sodium, Chloride, Magnesium ·         Trace minerals: Iron, Manganese, Copper, Iodine, Zinc, Fluoride, Selenium Classification Vitamins ·         Fat-Soluble o    Vitamin A : Essenti...

ANTI-SNAKE VENOM Description also available in video format (attached below), for better experience use your desktop. Introduction Top of Form Top of Form ·        Antisnake venom (ASV), also known as antivenom, is a biological product used to treat venomous bites or stings. ·        ASV is derived from the plasma of animals, typically horses, that have been immunized with snake venom. ·        It consists of antibodies or antibody fragments that bind to and inactivate venom toxins, thereby preventing or reversing the harmful effects of envenomation. Classification 1.      Monovalent ASV : Targets venom from a single snake species. o    Example: Monovalent Cobra Antivenom for Naja naja (Indian cobra). 2.      Polyvalent ASV : Effective against venom from multiple snake species. o    Example: 1.    ...

ANTIDOTES Description also available in video format (attached below), for better experience use your desktop. Introduction Top of Form Top of Form ·        An antidote is a substance that counteracts or neutralizes the harmful effects of a poison or toxin. ·        Antidotes are crucial in medical emergencies involving toxic exposures, as they can significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with poisoning. Classification 1.      Chemical Antidotes : These antidotes directly neutralize the toxin by forming a less toxic compound. o    Example : Activated Charcoal – Binds to various drugs and toxins in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing their absorption. 2.      Pharmacological Antidotes : These antidotes counteract the effects of the toxin by antagonizing its action at a receptor or by blocking its physiological effects. o    Exampl...