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Managerial Cost

By Abdulla Israr & Simran Rani
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MANAGERIAL COST Introduction Refers to internal cost information used by managers for planning, decision-making, and control . Focuses on cost efficiency , performance evaluation , and strategic financial decisions . Unlike financial accounting, it is not shared externally . Types a) Fixed Costs Do not change with the level of output. Examples: Office rent, equipment depreciation, salaries of top-level executives. b) Variable Costs Fluctuate directly with production or service levels. Examples: Cost of raw materials, medical supplies, electricity for machines. c) Semi-Variable Costs (Mixed Costs) Include both fixed and variable components. Examples: Telephone bills (fixed rental + usage), repair and maintenance charges. d) Direct Costs Costs that can be directly linked to a specific product, service, or department. Examples: Medicine used for a particular patient, salary of...
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Fire Hazards

By Abdulla Israr & Simran Rani
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FIRE HAZARDS Introduction ·        Fire hazards are among the most dangerous threats in any facility, but their implications in a hospital can be particularly devastating due to the presence of patients who may be immobile, oxygen-rich environments, and complex equipment. ·        Ensuring fire safety in hospitals is crucial not just for protecting property but also for saving lives. Elements of Fire A fire requires three essential components, often described as the Fire Triangle : Fuel : Any combustible material – paper, cloth, chemicals, gases, etc. Heat : A source to ignite the fuel – electrical sparks, open flames, friction, etc. Oxygen : Usually present in the air (21%), but enriched environments like oxygen therapy units in hospitals can accelerate fire spread. These three elements must be present simultaneously for a fire to occur. Removing any one will extinguish the fire. ...
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Hospital Designing

By Abdulla Israr & Simran Rani
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HOSPITAL DESIGNING Master Plan ·        The Master Plan is the foundational framework that outlines the hospital's physical development, expansion, and land use over a long-term period. ·        It serves as a strategic blueprint for the facility's current needs and future growth. Key Elements Site Selection: Location considering accessibility, land availability, environmental impact, and future expansion. Zoning and Land Use: Divides the land into various zones like patient care, diagnostics, administration, residential quarters, utilities, and green spaces. Phasing of Development: Step-by-step growth plan aligned with funding, resource availability, and healthcare demand. Circulation: Planning roads, walkways, ambulance routes, and parking for smooth movement of patients, staff, and logistics. Environmental Considerations: Landscaping, waste disposal ...
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Hospital Planning

By Abdulla Israr & Simran Rani
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HOSPITAL PLANNING Basic Concept of Hospital Planning ·        Hospital planning is the comprehensive process of designing and organizing healthcare facilities to provide efficient, patient-centered, and cost-effective care. ·        It integrates medical, administrative, architectural, and engineering inputs to create an environment that supports clinical care, patient safety, and staff efficiency. Key Features Patient-centric design : Emphasis on comfort, privacy, and care. Functionality and workflow : Departments are designed to ensure smooth movement of patients, staff, and materials. Scalability and flexibility : Allows for future expansion or modification. Integration of technology : Support for digital health records, diagnostic equipment, etc. Compliance : Meets regulatory and accreditation standards (e.g., NABH, NABL). Objectives: To offer ac...
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